House Down Payment and its Types: A Concise Guide

Purchasing a house is not about driving on a Sunday afternoon, visiting random open houses that fall on your way, and finalizing a deal with the owner. Rather, it is about putting your finances in order and ensuring you have enough down payment. In the case of people looking for VA approved lenders, or seeking a USDA home loan program, the scene is different--no down payment. There are others, however, who depend on conventional and other loans when it comes to mortgaging a house. This article focuses on downpayment and how much of it you may need while buying your new house.

Understanding Down Payment
Anything that goes out of your pocket, which you do not or are unable to finance as a loan is your down payment. It is important to not confuse this amount with earnest money deposit or EMD, which most starters do. The reason, earnest money deposit is the amount required to secure your home’s purchase contract. It is only a part of your down payment that reflects your good intentions towards mortgage. Consequently, this amount is, usually, at risk when you default your payment.

Exploring Down Payment Types
How much downpayment you are required to pay to your lender depends on the type of your mortgage loan. These days, 80/20 combo loans and liar loans are hard to find, as lenders are more focused on closely scrutinizing your borrowing ability before landing into a deal. To be in a safer position, they want you to pay a good amount of down payment. Still many minimum down payment options exist:

VA Loans Down Payment
Designed for American veterans to help their dream of owning a house, va loans give you the option of zero down payment. The rate of interest is lower than conventional loans, but there is a funding fee involved that varies from 2.5 to 3.3%.

FHA Loan Down payment
Most conventional loans come with a fixed-rate mortgage, meaning your monthly payment or installment remains fixed and does not change as per the rate of interest. Though lenders do not finance 100% of your house loan, a good FICO score may get you a loan for up to 95% of house’s value.

Conventional Loan Down payment
A part of the American mortgage system since 1934, FHA loans, usually, carry a down payment of 3.5%. They may also accompany a mortgage insurance premium into the loan.

Things to Remember:

• Most lenders do not offer 100% financing, as they want borrowers to have some skin in the contract
• Home buyers have to bear other out-of-pocket expenses apart from down payment such as closing costs
• Closing costs are fees charged by lenders and third parties at the time of closing mortgage
• In most cases, buyers have to pay for closing costs, except a few such as VA loans where the lenders bear a portion of it

Conclusion
Going the conventional way, it is always better to pay as much down payment as you can. However, do not do the mistake of wiping out your savings account completely, and save some for the rainy days too. If you do not understand the intricacies of any mortgage type or do not have time to do so, better take the help of a loan officer. Tied to banks, credit unions and other financial institutions, loan officers have both the expertise and knowledge to help you choose the right mortgage plan that works best for you and your family.

Are You Paying Too much For Your Mortgage?

An amortization schedule, though one of the most important documents in a mortgage process, is still the most overlooked. Rarely do home loan or mortgage applicants take the time to speak with their bankers or their loan advisors to understand what an amortization schedule is and how it helps.

The word ‘Amortization’ is an accounting term that refers to the amount of principal and interest paid during the loan term.  The amortization schedule gives information about the number of installments paid, the breakup of the principal and interest paid, the principal paid and the balance outstanding. 

The Example

In order to understand this better let us take up an example.

Suppose you took a home where

Loan Amount - $10,00,000

Interest Rate – 12%

Term Period – 1 Year

And let’s say the banker tells you that this is how you are supposed to repay your loan

Number of Installments – 12

Monthly Installment - $88,849

The banker also gives you an amortization schedule that would look like this. 

The Amortization Schedule

No of Installments Paid	Installment Paid (A+B)	Principal Paid (A)	Interest Paid (B)	Principal Outstanding	% Principal Outstanding
1	$88,849	$78,849	$10,000	$9,21,151	7.88%
2	$88,849	$79,637	$9,212	$8,41,514	15.85%
3	$88,849	$80,434	$8,415	$7,61,080	23.89%
4	$88,849	$81,238	$7,611	$6,79,842	32.02%
5	$88,849	$82,050	$6,798	$5,97,792	40.22%
6	$88,849	$82,871	$5,978	$5,14,921	48.51%
7	$88,849	$83,700	$5,149	$4,31,221	56.88%
8	$88,849	$84,537	$4,312	$3,46,685	65.33%
9	$88,849	$85,382	$3,467	$2,61,303	73.87%
10	$88,849	$86,236	$2,613	$1,75,067	82.49%
11	$88,849	$87,098	$1,751	$87,969	91.20%
12	$88,849	$87,969	$880	$0	100

Understanding the Amortization Schedule 

After looking at this self-explanatory amortization schedule a question that might come up in your mind is that how is the Principal Paid(A) and the Interest(B) calculated.

To calculate the Interest we need to apply the following formula

Interest = (Principal*Rate*Time)/100

Principal = Principal Outstanding after paying last one’s installment

Rate = 12% (on an yearly basis)

Time = 1 month = 1/12 year

You will see that the rate and time will remain the same whereas the principal will change month on month 

1^st Installment

Interest = 10,00,000*12*(1/12)/100 = 10,000

Principal Paid = = $88,849 - $10,000 = $78,849

Principal Outstanding = $10,00,000 - $78,849 = $9,21,151

*Remember: This month’s outstanding principal will be next month’s principal

2^nd Installment

Interest = $9,21,151*12*(1/12)/100 = $9211.51

**For the sake of simplicity let us round it off and now the Interest is $9212

Principal Paid = Installment Paid – Interest Paid = $88,849 - $9212 = $79637

Principal Outstanding = $9,21,151 - $79637 = $841514

This is how you would go on calculating the interest paid for each month and also the principal outstanding.

At the end of 12 months you would see that Principal outstanding becomes 0 and you may then add up all the interest amounts paid to get the exact value of the total interest paid.

In this case the total interest paid comes out to $66,186

Word of advice

Whenever you take a mortgage loan do ask the lender to provide you the amortization schedule. This will not only tell you the exact interest amount you are paying on your loan but it would also help you to know the exact principal outstanding at any point in time during the loan period, in case you are planning to pre-close your loan.

USDA Home Loans-A Comprehensive Overview

You recently got a job in rural areas of Texas and are planning to get a home for yourself. You need a mortgage with reasonable rate of interest as your credit score is around 600. In that case USDA loans is the go to solution for you as you will be offered loan in the rural area of Texas, with your credit score and does not need a down payment. USDA aims at increasing home ownership across US, with the upper limit of $417,000 and no down payment, USDA loans are the go to means of getting loans for many. The eligibility rules are also relaxed as compared to other loans. Here are some basic factors about USDA home loans.

Basics of the Loan
USDA loans started in 1991 with an aim of boosting rural population and home ownership among rural residents. It is given for primary residence and the applicant should have the capability of being able to repay the loan, however, should not be able to take a second loan. Credit score of 640 is the minimum requirement for the application, however, frequent exceptions are made for the applicants based on their income.

Though USDA loans are given for rural area, they are not given to buy a second home, buy agricultural land and for speculation purposes, they are strictly for financing primary residence.

Eligibility for the loan
A USDA loan is for the applicants from rural area and small towns. The definition of small town in given in USDA that is modified as per Census report every few years. Hence, you might have to check whether USDA rules cover your town. Once you have checked about the availability of the rules, here are certain financial checks that you need to go through to get a loan.

Debt to Income Ratio
The combined percentage of PITI (mortgage Principal, Interest, Taxes and Insurance) should not exceed 29 percent of your total monthly income and total mortgage should be less than 41 percent of the monthly income.

Credit Score
You need a minimum score of 640. In case your score is less than 640 because you do not have a FICO recent history; exception can be made. Exceptions are based on your salary, present mortgage and your capability to pay the loan in the future.

Overall Income
While total income is calculated factors such as size of the family, future earnings prospect, disabilities and dependents are taken into consideration along with other factors.

Age and Other Qualification
You need to be minimum 18 years of age and a US citizen or a US national or a qualified alien.

Types of Loans
There are two kinds of loans given by USDA. First is direct loan, that is given directly by USDA and second is the guaranteed loan that is issued by the bank and guaranteed by USDA home loans. The requirement for both varies. Here is a quick reference for both.

Direct loan
Given directly by USDA to low income applicants, whose income is less than 80% of the area median income.

Guaranteed Loan
Given by the banks to applicants with broader income and the income has to be less than 115% of the area median income.

Conclusion
When you are moving to rural Texas and looking for a house USDA home loans can help you in getting the house that you need and help you with the down payment and even with the closure.

VA Home Loans-Ensuring Homes for Veterans in the US

VA loans are home loans available to the veterans of US army. These loans were first approved in 1944, under the guidance of President Roosevelt. Since then, they have benefitted millions of veterans and given them a chance at homeownership and a secure family life.

VA Home Loans: Making Home Ownership a Possibility for Veterans
Every state in the US accommodates the veterans by offering various benefits like easy home loans and special rehabilitation programs including the state of Texas. VA home loans are easily available for them through government as well as VA approved private lenders.

Taking note of the various problems that veterans face such as bankruptcy and poor credit scores, the department of Veteran Affairs designed the rules and regulations for VA loans in such a manner  that it is very easy to qualify for them as compared to other types of loans.

What  makes VA Loans Easier than Others?
1. Zero down payment
2. Easy repayment plans
3. Loan amount upto 100 percent of property value
4. Penalty Free Prepay System
5. Flexible interest rates

As mentioned before, the government policies are very lenient about the VA home loans and there are just a few pointers that decide the qualification of a veteran.

Honorable Discharge
VA home loans’ primary criteria is that a veteran applying for it must be  honorably discharged from the armed forces. Rest all the qualifying criteria such as credit scores, down payment and EMI, are flexible and have easy clause attached to them that makes almost every veteran eligible for a VA loan and also for refinance  of VA loan.

Time Service Record
A veteran who has served before 1980, has to show a war time service record of 90 days to qualify for the loan whereas those  who joined and served post  1981 have to show the service record of 2 years. Anyone below this time limit also qualifies, if the reason behind their discharge is service related disability.

Conclusion
So, this is how easy it is for veterans to qualify for a zero down payment in the state of Texas. VA home loan is definitely the reform that has benefited millions of veterans in the US since 1944.